U.S. English Foundation Research

Languages Other Than English in the U.S.

According to 1990 U.S. Census Data, at least 329 languages are spoken in the United States. Listed alphabetically, they are:

Achinese, Achumawi, African, Afrikaans, Ahtena, Alabama, Albanian, Aleut, Algonquian, American Indian, Amharic, Apache, Arabic, Arapaho, Arawakian, Arikara, Armenian, Assamese, Athapascan, Atsina, Aymara, Azerbaijani, Aztecan, Balinese, Balochi, Bantu, Basque, Bengali, Berber, Bielorussian, Bihari, Bikol, Bisayan, Blackfoot, Brahui, Bulgarian, Burmese, Caddo, Cahuilla, Cajun, Carolinian, Catalonian, Caucasian, Cayuga, Chadic, Cham, Chamorro, Chasta Costa, Chemehuevi, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Chibchan, Chinese, Chinook Jargon, Chiricahua, Chiwere, Choctaw, Clallam, Cocomaricopa, Coeur d'Alene, Columbia, Comanche, Cree, Croatian, Crow, Cupeno, Cushite, Czech, Dakota, Danish, Delaware, Delta River Yuman, Diegueno, Dravidian, Dutch, Efik, English, Eskimo, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Finnish, Foothill No. Yokuts, Formosan, Fox, French, French Cree, French Creole, Frisian, Fuchow, Fulani, German, Gilbertese, Gondi, Greek, Gujarathi, Gullah, Gur, Haida, Hakka, Han, Havasupai, Hawaiian, Hawaiian Pidgin, Hebrew, Hidatsa, Hindi (Urdu), Hopi, Hungarian, Hupa, Icelandic, Ilocano, Indonesian, Inupik, Irish Gaelic, Iroquois, Italian, Jamaican Creole, Japanese, Javanese, Jicarilla, Kachin, Kalispel, Kannada, Kansa, Karachay, Karen, Karok, Kashmiri, Kazakh, Keres, Khoisan, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Kiowa-Apache, Kirghiz, Klamath, Koasati, Korean, Koyukon, Krio, Kru, Kuchin, Kurdish, Kurukh, Kusaiean, Kutenai, Kwakiutl, Ladino, Lapp, Latvian (Lettish), Lithuanian, Luiseno, Lusatian, Luxembourgian, Macedonian, Makah, Malagasy, Malay, Malayalam, Mandan, Mandarin, Mande, Maori, Mapuche, Marathi, Marquesan, Marshallese, Mayan Languages, Mbum (and Related), Melanesian, Menomini, Miami, Miao (Hmong), Miao-Yao, Micmac, Micronesian, Mikasuki, Minangkabau, Misumalpan, Mohave, Mohawk, Mokilese, Mon-Khmer (Cambodian), Mongolian, Mono, Mountain Maidu, Munda, Muong, Muskogee, Navaho, Nepali, Nez Perce, Nilo-Hamitic, Nilo-Sharan, Nilotic, Niuean, Nootsack, Northern Paiute, Norwegian, Nubian, Nukuoro, Ojibwa, Okanogan, Omaha, Oneida, Onondaga, Oriya, Osage, Other Athapascan-Eyak, Other Uralic Languages, Oto-Manguen, Ottowa, Paiute, Palau, Paleo-Siberian, Pampangan, Pangasinan, Panjabi, Papia Mentae, Pashto, Passamaquoddy, Patois, Pawnee, Pennsylvania Dutch, Penobscot, Persian, Picuris, Pidgin, Pima, Polish, Polynesian, Pomo, Ponapean, Ponca, Portuguese, Potawatomi, Provencal, Puget Sound Salish, Quapaw, Quechua, Quinault, Rajasthani, Rhaeto-Romanic, Romany, Rumanian, Russian, Sahaptian, Saharan, Salish, Samoan, San Carlos, Sandia, Sanskrit, Saramacca, Scottic Gaelic, Sebuano, Seneca, Serbian, Serbo-Croatian, Serrano, Shastan, Shawnee, Shoshoni, Sierra Miwok, Sindhi, Sinhalese, Siuslaw, Slovak, Slovene, Sonoran Nec, Spanish, Spokane, St. Lawrence Is. Yupik, Sudanese, Sudanic, Swahili, Swedish, Syriac, Tachi, Tagalog, Tamil, Tanaina, Tarascan, Telugu, Tewa, Thai (Laotian), Tibetan, Tillamook, Tiwa, Tlingit, Tokelauan, Tongan, Tonkawa, Towa, Trukese, Tsimshian, Tungus, Tupi-Guarani, Turkish, Turkmen, Tuscarora, Twana, Uighur, Ukrainian, Ulithean, Upper Chehalis, Upper Chinook, Ute, Vietnamese, Walapai, Washo, Welsh, Wichita, Winnebago, Wintun, Woleai-Ulithi, Wu, Yapese, Yaqui, Yavapai, Yiddish, Yuchi, Yuki, Yuma, Yupik, Yurok, Zuni, and Other (not specified).

Data taken from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Population Division, Economic and Social Stratification Branch, 1990 Census Special Tabulation, "Language Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English For United States, Regions and States: 1990."